Georgios C. Kryonidis, Charis S. Demoulias, and Grigoris K. Papagiannis, “A two-stage solution to the bi-objective optimal voltage regulation problem", IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

In this work, a two-stage approach is introduced to efficiently solve the optimal voltage regulation problem in radial medium-voltage (MV) distribution networks. The proposed method uses the available reactive power of distributed generation units and the on-load tap changer (OLTC) of the high-/medium-voltage transformer to regulate network voltages, while also minimizing two conflicting objectives, namely the network energy losses and the frequency of tap changes. 

This bi-objective optimal voltage regulation problem is addressed in two distinct stages. The final outcome of this two-stage process is the Pareto-front which can be used by the distribution system operators to select the most preferable solution for the real-time network operation. The proposed methodology is characterized by reduced computational complexity compared to the application of conventional optimization techniques. 

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